Investigating effect of temperature on the activity of lipase Essays

Investigating effect of temperature on the activity of lipase Essays Investigating effect of temperature on the activity of lipase This practical gives you a chance to: investigate how lipase activity changes with temperature consider how indicators can help us to follow chemical reactions. Procedure SAFETY: Keep the phenolphthalein solution away from naked flames. Wear eye protection and quickly rinse any splashes of enzyme solution or sodium carbonate from the skin. Make sure you know what to do if a thermometer is broken. Investigation aLabel a test tube with the temperature you will be investigating. bAdd 5 drops of phenolphthalein to the test tube. cMeasure out 5 cm3 of milk using a measuring cylinder (or syringe) and add this to the test tube. dMeasure out 7 cm3 of sodium carbonate solution using another measuring cylinder (or syringe) and add this to the test tube. The solution should now be pink. ePlace a thermometer in the test tube. Take care as the equipment could topple over. fPlace the test tube in a water bath and leave until the contents reach the same temperature as the water bath. gRemove the thermometer from test tube and replace it with a glass rod. hUse the 2 cm3 syringe to measure out 1 cm3 of lipase from the beaker in the water bath for the temperature you are investigating. iAdd the lipase to the test tube and start the stopclock/ stopwatch. jStir the contents of the test tube until the solution loses its pink colour. kStop the clock/ watch and note the time in a suitable table of results. lPlot a graph of time taken for the reaction to occur against temperature. mYou can convert this to a rate of reaction graph by calculating 1 time for each of the temperatures. (If any tubes have not reacted in the time taken, this is a rate of zero.) QUESTIONS 1When fat breaks down, what is produced 2Use this information to explain why the phenolphthalein changes colour. 3What is the effect of temperature on the time taken for lipase to break down the fat in milk? 4Why does the temperature affect the action of lipase in this way? 5What is the difference between a time taken and a rate of reaction curve for this investigation? 6Why is it necessary to break down fat in the digestive system? 7Use other sources of information to find out about: bile salts and their effects on digestion of fats what happens to the fatty acids and glycerol once they have been absorbed from the digestive tract. ANSWERS 1When fat breaks down, fatty acids and glycerol are produced. 2The fatty acids lower the pH of the mixture which changes the colour of the phenolphthalein from pink to colourless. 3Increasing temperatures from 0 C to around 45 C will reduce the time taken for the lipase to break down the fat in milk. Over this temperature, the time taken will increase, or perhaps the lipase will not work at all. 4Temperature affects the action of lipase this way because increasing temperatures (up to around 40 C) increase the rate of reaction, by increasing the collision rate between the enzyme and substrate molecules (as in any chemical reaction). The highest rate of reaction is at the optimum temperature for the enzyme. The rate of reaction then reduces as temperature increases until, at some point, the reaction stops altogether. This is because at high temperatures (usually over 45 C), the protein structure of the enzyme is denatured by heat. The molecule loses its shape and the enzyme is de-activated. 5A time taken curve and a rate of reaction curve show similar patterns, but one is an upside-down version of the other. 6It is necessary to break down fat in the digestive system to make it easier to absorb through the membranes of the gut and also to make it soluble enough to transport in the blood. 7Bile salts emulsify fats, which means they make it easier to form an emulsion of tiny droplets of fat suspended in water. A fatty emulsion will not separate quickly. This increases the surface area of fat exposed to enzymes in solution and increases the rate of digestion. When fatty acids and glycerol have been absorbed from the digestive tract, they are transported through the lymphatic system and enter the bloodstream at the sub-clavian vein (underneath the collar bone).

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Land Law - Essay Example The lease agreement is considered in essence a contract between the tenant and the landlord and thus must satisfy the contract law principles. License on the other hand implies a situation where an individual gives to another individual or to an explicit number of individuals, a right to undertake or continue undertaking in or upon the static or immovable property of the provider/granter, something that would otherwise be regarded as unlawful in the nonexistence of such a right. It is simply a permission granted or given to a licensee to undertake something on the land of the owner, which could be inclusive of the permission to occupy. The main difference between a lease and a license is that a license does not grant a proprietary right and thus is revocable, while a lease does grant a proprietary right and thus non-revocable. 1It is vital to note that a lease or a licence can came up without having any written document, and in the case where no document is available that sets the parties intentions, it may be hard to determine whether the contract was a licence or a lease. In the case entitled Street v Mountford of the ye ar [1985], the House of Lords held that a tenancy or a lease would come up where the intention to create a legal relation exists, exclusive possession, and a periodic or fixed term at a rent is present. Undue influence is present where a particular contract has been entered because of pressure, which falls short of amounting or generating duress, the party subject to the force may have a basis of action in justice to have the agreement reserved on the reasons of undue influence. Undue influence is regarded as a broad equitable doctrine that seeks to relieve an individual from domination or oppression consequences (actual undue influence), or the abuse of confidence or trust (presumed undue influence), which are categorized into two. The first one is a recognized relationship providing an undue influence presupposition (e.g. child

Reaction essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Reaction - Essay Example The Ort, or the Centre of Information, offers more insight on the terrors of the holocaust through compelling projections made on the walls of the room. Furthermore, it gives recognition to all known Jewish Holocaust victims through names acquired from the Israel’s Holocaust Museum Yad Vashem. People have argued that the title â€Å"Murdered Jews of Europe† excludes those who died of natural causes in concentration camps. As such, the title â€Å"Memorial to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust† serves as a better title since it would act as a remembrance of the suffering of all the Jewish victims, dead or alive. There are Holocaust Monuments in the United States though none are dedicated to slavery. Some argue that reason behind this lies in the fact that, unlike slavery, the Holocaust was not perpetuated by the United States. In fact, the U.S. fought to have it stopped. However, many people feel that the U.S. should emulate Germany by setting up memorials for crimes they initiated. Emmaly Reed represents a beacon of hope and perseverance. The fact that she survived the Holocaust at such a young age and lived to her eighties shows that people can overcome such trials in life and go on to enjoy a long and healthy life (Cantrell,

Anti-Abortion Statement

Anti-Abortion Statement Jai-lan Ewell The Murder of the Innocent Abortion is the murder of innocent children. Abortion has been performed for thousands of years, and has been studied in every society. These unborn humans do not deserve to die. There have been many debates on whether or not abortion should be illegal. Most doctors allow this process because its the familys choice. Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy (fetus), not a baby (lifenews). However, this process is the killing of innocent, unborn humans. An honorable innocent child has never harmed a fly in this world. Killing babies that are little bundles of joy, is just wrong on all levels. Abortion should be made illegal in the United States because of the trauma it causes to those who are involved. Abortion should be illegal after a certain point. Abortion is legal all the way up to 6 months. This should not be allowed to happen. The government has a limit on how long you can wait before you have an abortion. The bad thing about having abortion all the way up to 6 months is that a baby already has a heart beat and can feel pain. Imagine you as a baby and was aborted, you wouldnt be here right now. Abortion should be made illegal after anything past 2 months. The baby has not developed as much and it wouldnt be as harsh on the baby because the baby cant feel pain up to this point. The time you can wait before you have an abortion should be lowered significantly. Abortion violates the rights of the unborn children that are involved in this terrible act. These babys are already alive and have rights just like everybody else in the world. They shouldnt be deprived of their lives (Abortion). Unborn children have civil rights even before they come out of their mothers womb. Killing these non guilty children is a discriminatory, inhuman, and cruel act. The most basic civil right in this world is the right to live. If you keep abortion legal, youre leaving behind this civil right. In this world nobody should be allowed to take a innocent life away. Abortion has claimed the lives of over 58 million unborn children (Sierra Club). People in the world know abortion is wrong. Every day an abortion happens it is a tragedy for the babies that are dieing and for the mothers. Innocent, unborn children should not have their basic rights to live taken away. Women who have abortions are emotionally, physically, and mentally harmed. Some women in the world actually die during having an abortion. They can also experience the loss of their fertility or an increase in miscarriages after an abortion.(Natural abortion federation). On the other hand some women feel a sense of relief after an abortion. Emotionally some women feel guilt and loneliness after a abortion. They can physically have pain also. They can experience abdominal pain, vomiting, and they can have damage to some of their organs after an abortion. Some women mentally have suicidal thoughts and feelings. They have depression and can start to use drugs after an abortion. Abortions causes numerous problems for the women and especially for the baby. Abortion is an ongoing problem in the world today and should be made illegal because it takes innocent lives, it violates civil rights, and can emotionally and mentally harm women. Abortion kills unguilty babies and may harm the women also. Nobody in the world deserves to die. Unborn babies shouldnt die either. Abortion should be made illegal because it is unhuman and hurts everybody involved with it. Allowing abortion to remain legal cause more and more babies to die due to irresponsible people. Having abortion causes a lot of trauma for everybody. Abortions should be made illegal to stop the killing of innocent babies. Work Cited History of Abortion National Abortion Federation. National Abortion Federation, prochoice.org/education-and-advocacy/about-abortion/history-of-abortion/. Accessed 21 Mar. 2017. Sierra Club Pushes Abortion to Reach Sustainable Population Goals. NaturalNews.com, www.naturalnews.com/2017-02-08-sierra-club-pushes-abortion-to-reach-sustainable-population-goals.html. Accessed 21 Mar. 2017. Abortion: A Violation of Human Rights Haven Bradford Gow. Abortion: A Violation of Human Rights Haven Bradford Gow, www.tparents.org/Library/Unification/Talks/Gow/Gow_Abortion.htm. Accessed 21 Mar. 2017. 58,586,256 Abortions in America Since Roe v. Wade in 1973. LifeNews.com, 18 Jan. 2016, www.lifenews.com/2016/01/14/58586256-abortions-in-america-since-roe-v-wade-in-1973/. Accessed 21 Mar. 2017.

The Role of Foreshadowing in the Prologue of Harry Mulischs The Assaul

The prologue of a novel plays a crucial role in introducing the setting of the story. The prologue also sets the tone of the tale and can sometimes hide vital information from the reader. The art of foreshadowing is often used in the prologue, and after reading through the story, reverting back to the prologue can help connect the many themes and motifs that are prevalent throughout the narrative. A high-quality example of a prose with a prologue that is riddled with underlying foreshadowing is The Assault, by Harry Mulisch. By analyzing a single passage of the prologue and comparing it with other small potions of the text, the foretelling of events in the prologue of The Assault by Harry Mulisch can easily be related to how Anton believed the killing of his family was a simple affair, when in reality, it was a more complicated incident than Anton could have fathomed. During the prologue, the narrator spoke of when Anton used to hang out near the canal. It was at this point when Anton was ?lying on the grassy bank and staring in to the distance? that a numerous amount of foreshadowing occurred (Mulisch 5). The last thirteen lines of the prologue in The Assault, when the motorboat created a ripple effect, corresponded to how complicated the killing of Anton?s family really was. Anton saw the motorboat do the following: Pitching, their prows would tear the water into a V shape that spread until it reached both sides of the canal. There the water would suddenly begin to lap up and down, even though the boat was already far away. Then the waves bounced back and formed an inverted V, which interfered with the original V, reached the opposite shore transformed, and bounced back again-until all across the water a complicated ... ...d and left. Mulisch?s use of foreshadowing in the prologue allayed to how the rest of the novel would play out. His hints gave a broad scope of how that fateful night seemed so simple, yet the underlying complexities led it to be a burden upon many people. The parallelism of the waves created by the motorboat and the cause and effect relationship of the night when Anton?s family was killed was prevalent throughout the novel. What Anton thought was a night that only affected him, in actuality affected many different people throughout the story. By reverting back to the prologue after the novel has been made and making connections throughout the book, the foreshadowing that Harry Mulisch used was clearly present. By analyzing a short and seemingly simple, yet deeply insightful, passage of the prologue, The Assault by Harry Mulisch can be understood at a higher level.

Nirma University CSR Activity Essay

Nirma is one of the few names – which is instantly recognized as a true Indian brand, which took on mighty multinationals and rewrote the marketing rules to win the heart of princess, i.e. the consumer. Nirma, the proverbial ‘Rags to Riches’ saga of Dr. Karsanbhai Patel, is a classic example of the success of Indian entrepreneurship in the face of stiff competition. Starting as a one-man operation in 1969, today, it has about 14, 000 employee-base and annual turnover is above Rs. 25, 00 crores. India is a one of the largest consumer economy, with burgeoning middle class pie. In such a widespread, diverse marketplace, Nirma aptly concentrated all its efforts towards creating and building a strong consumer preference towards its ‘value-for-money’ products. Now, the year 2004 sees Nirma’s annual sales touch 800,000 tones, making it one of the largest volume sales with a single brand name in the world. Looking at the FMCG synergies, Nirma stepped into toilet soaps relatively late in 1990 but this did not deter it to achieve a volume of 100,000 per annum. This makes Nirma the largest detergent and the second largest toilet soap brand in India with market share of 38% and 20% respectively. It has been persistent effort of Nirma to make consumer products available to masses at an affordable price. Hence, it takes utmost care to provide finest products at the most affordable prices. To leverage this effort, Nirma has gone for massive backward integration along with expansion and modernization of the manufacturing facilities. The focal objective behind modernisation plan is of up gradation with resource-savvy technology to optimise capabilities. Nirma’s six production facilities, located at different places, are well equipped with state-of-art technologies. To ensure regular supply of major raw materials, Nirma had opted for backward integration strategies. These strategic moves allowed Nirma to manage effective and efficient supply-chain. Nirma has always been practiced ‘value-for-money’ plank. Nirma plans to extend the same philosophy in categories as commodity food products, personal care products and packaged food. Distinct market vision and robust infrastructure allowed Nirma to have cost leadership. Apart from this, lean distribution network, umbrella branding and low profile media promotions allowed it to offer quality products, at affordable prices. The man behind the success of Nirma phenomenon – Dr. Karsanbhai Patel is a recipient of various awards and accolades. He has been bestowed with various awards like†¦ COMPANY VISION Nirma is a customer-focused company committed to consistently offer better quality products and services that maximise value to the customer. This customer-centric philosophy has been well emphasised at Nirma through: Continuously exploring & developing new products & processes. Laying emphasis on cost effectiveness. Maintaining effective Quality Management System. Complying with safety, environment and social obligations. Imparting training to all involved on a continuous basis. Teamwork and active participation all around. Demonstrating belongingness and exemplary behaviour towards organisation, its goals and objectives. Nirma is a phenomenon and synonymous with Value for Money. The brand transcends the specific dynamic of any particular product category, which is best captured in its above mission statement – a statement of sustained innovation, an unceasing effort to deliver better value to consumers, through better product quality. OBJECTIVE To know what is Corporate Social Responsibility To know wearies CSR by NIRMA To know effect of CSR by NIRMA on society. CSR ACTIVITY BY NIRMA Nirma’s vision visualizes itself as a vibrant, pro-active and widely admired, ethical corporate citizen. Nirma believes that exemplary achievements on the business points are not enough in the making of a good corporate citizen. In fulfillment of this role as a responsible part of the society and environment in which one operates, Nirma has undertaken a host of activities in the educational and social development areas. Realizing the significant role of education – especially technical and managerial in socio-economic development of the nation, Nirma played a vital role by establishing the Nirma Education & Research Foundation (NERF) in 1994. Recently, this Foundation has been awarded University status. This status gives way to shape up and expand into a body providing education in other courses like medicine, nursing, biotechnology, etc. along with the existing courses under a single roof of Nirma University. Today, this state-of-the art academic infrastructure runs various institution bodies such as Institute of Technology, Institute of Management, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Diploma Engineering. These all institutions are located in a disciplined, serene and pleasant environment. The campus blends beautifully with the green landscaping, aesthetic elegance of arches and the vibrant pursuit of knowledge by the young aspirants. The environment gives full scope for gr oup activities, which are plenty, as also to individual pursuits for development on preferred tracks. Education Institute of Management Institute of Technology Institute of Diploma Studies Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nirma Labs Another contribution of Nirma with an objective to nurture, promote and facilitate potential entrepreneurs in their pursuit of knowledge based large-scale wealth generation for stakeholders and society. The prospects will undergo the program of grooming and incubation at Nirma Labs, and will then be supported to build the incubated ventures with appropriate support. Nirma has already contributed Rs. 350 million for the development of these institutes, an amount, which is likely to rise further to Rs. 500 million. The infrastructure facilities created here are of international standards and they have already become models for similar institutes. Plans are underway to start Post Graduate & Research Courses in Management and Technology, as well as an IAS training center and a programme in Masters of Computer Applications. Nirma Memorial Trust and Nirma Foundation Nirma Memorial Trust looks after deprived women in Gujarat. It builds Ashrams and guesthouses for pilgrims and the elderly. The Nirma Foundation, set up in 1979, contributes towards the running of schools, colleges, temples and social institutions, within the state and outside. Chanasma Ruppur Gram Vikas Trust In Mehsana of which Mr. K. K. Patel is the founder trustee and President provides education, maintenance of public health and related facilities in rural areas. The trust has started several institutions in Ruppur, including the Arts & Commerce College, and an ITI training institute and a ladies hostel REFERENCES http://www.nirma.co.in/images/comimg/corp_presentation.swf http://www.nirma.co.in/social_responsibilities.htm http://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/definition.php http://www.nirma.co.in/images/comimg/corp_presentation.swf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corp-social-responsibility.asp http://mhcinternational.com/articles/definition-of-csr

Understanding the Multicultural Workforce Challenges,...

Understanding the Multicultural Workforce: Challenges, Issues and Differences Michael Widdowson Organizational Behavior November 25, 2012 Understanding the Multicultural Workforce: Challenges, Issues and Differences Multicultural workforces are becoming more prevalent in todays business environment. Businesses that make effective use of the talents of the workforce and value the differences that are present within it will certainly prosper under these conditions. Those employers who realize that diversity relates directly to the bottom line will continue to be successful. Companies must learn to lead, not simply manage their workers. Business will need to go beyond the needs and objectives of affirmative action and look at†¦show more content†¦Aghazadeh Seyed-Mahmoud points out in his article that people of different ethnic backgrounds aquire different values, norms, and attitudes. Cultural differences determine the observed differences in work attitudes relative to the white employees. One area of cultural differences is the contrast between individualism and collectivism (2004). Collectivists emphasize the needs of the group, social norms, shared beliefs, and cooperation with group me mbers. In general, Asians and Hispanics for example have roots in nations with collectivist traditions, while Anglos have roots in the European tradition of individualism (Bauer and Erdogan 2010). The extent of peoples cultural beliefs of individualism or collectivism has been used to predict the effectiveness of many management practices. An organizations culture determines the ability of members from other groups to perform within the organization. Individuals from minority groups face challenges everyday dealing with prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping. 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